Application of BiVO4/TiO2/CNT Composite Photocatalysts for Membrane Fouling Control and Photocatalytic Membrane Regeneration during Dairy Wastewater Treatment

This study aimed to investigate the performance of composite photocatalytic membranes fabricated by incorporating multiple nanoparticles (TiO2, carbon nanotubes, BiVO4) into polyvinylidene fluoride membrane material for real dairy wastewater treatment. The exhibited superior antifouling behavior, lower filtration resistance, better flux, and higher flux recovery ratio than pristine membrane. Salinity, pH, lactose concentration are determinant factors that affect resistance rejection during ultrafiltration wastewater. Generally, irreversible total resistances slightly chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejections were found at salinity (expressed electric conductivity values >4 mS/cm) (<4 levels. presence in increased severely reduced COD due ability pass through membranes. It was ascertained require further treatment after filtrating such Lower observed pH 7.5 9.5 compared those 4. Photocatalytic fouled regenerated visible light irradiation. containing all constituents (i.e., TiO2, showed best regeneration performance, exceeding 30%.